Artistic freedom
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    WHAT IS? ARTISTIC FREEDOM? AND CENSORSHIP?

    Curated by Guilherme Varella, Paloma Casanovas Published on 12/08/2021
    • Artistic freedom
    • Curated by Guilherme Varella, Paloma Casanovas
    • Published on 12/08/2021

    The freedom of artistic and cultural expression is the human and fundamental right to express oneself freely through artistic languages and cultural manifestations, without being subject to censorship or license. It is established in the n 5th and 220th articles of the Brazilian Constitution:

    Art. 5, IX – the expression of intellectual, artistic, scientific, and communications activities is free, independently of censorship or license.

    Article 220 – The manifestation of thought, the creation, the expression and the information, in any form, process or medium shall not be subject to any restriction, with due regard to the provisions of this Constitution. 

    Paragraph 2 – Any and all censorship of a political, ideological and artistic nature is forbidden.

    It is also present in international texts to which Brazil is a signatory, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, which states that:

    Article 27

    1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to 81 enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. 

    2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting 82 from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

    As expressly provided in the Constitution, and implicitly in the Declaration, the curtailment of artistic freedom is prohibited. Censorship is any action organized to interrupt the free flow of information protected by the right to freedom of expression. 

    It is usually, but not exclusively, carried out by the State, and can impact the process of evaluating, filtering, elaborating and circulating artistic production. Therefore, it can go beyond the content of the works and equally reach their vectors and vehicles of expression.

    Although censorship is more usual under authoritarian regimes, such as during the Brazilian military dictatorship, it is currently an issue that has coexisted with democratic regimes. In these contexts, it presents itself in new guises, but it is equally damaging to the freedom of expression. 

    Check out below some cases involving artistic freedom and censorship since 2019:

     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    State

    GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO CENSORS THEATER PLAY WITH NUDITY SCENE

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Culture
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Attacks on pluralism and minorities
    State
    Rio de Janeiro

    Read more about it here [1] [2].

    Jan 13 2019
     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    MILITARY OFFICER CANCELS TV TALK SHOW CREATED DURING THE REDEMOCRATIZATION OF THE COUNTRY, AND THE NEW DIRECTION TRIES TO INTERFERE IN ITS EXHIBITION

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Construction of enemies

    Read more about it, in Portuguese, here [find out here] and here [1] and read about the dismantling of Brazil’s public media [2] and the censorship promoted by the military regime [3].

    Jan 30 2019
     
    Type of power
    Informal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    BOLSONARO CRITICIZES CARNIVAL SONG AND SUGGESTS LESS FUNDING TO ARTISTS

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Culture
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Construction of enemies

    Read more about it here – in Portuguese [find out here]. Watch the videoclip from the song criticized by Bolsonaro, ‘Proibido Carnaval’ (Forbidden Carnival) [1]. Read an interview by Caetano Veloso about Brazil, on the following year [2]

    Mar 05 2019
     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    State

    PUBLIC DEFENDER’S OFFICE RECEIVES COMPLAINTS FROM CARNIVAL-GOERS OVER POLICE BRUTALITY FOR THE FIRST TIME AFTER SEVEN YEARS

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Public security
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Legitimation of violence and vigilantism
    State
    São Paulo

    Read more about this episode – in Portuguese [find out here]. Read more about police brutality in São Paulo and in Brazil here [1] [2]

    Mar 08 2019
     
    Type of power
    Informal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    BOLSONARO VETOES BRAZILIAN BANK ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN THAT INCLUDED RACIAL AND SEXUAL DIVERSITY

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Culture, Gender and sexual orientation, Race and ethnicity
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Attacks on pluralism and minorities

    Read more about this episode here [1] [2] and about the government’s interference in communication, setbacks for LGBT+ community in 2019 and structural racism – in Portuguese [3] [4] [5]

    Apr 14 2019
     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    ARTWORK IN DEFENSE OF GAY MARRIAGE IS REMOVED FROM EXHIBITION AT THE CULTURAL CENTER OF PUBLIC BANK

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Gender and sexual orientation
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Attacks on pluralism and minorities
    State
    Ceará

    Read more about it, in Portuguese, here [find out here] and here [1], and read more about this exposition [2], another exhibit about brazilian authoritarianism in arts [3] and the denounce made by a political party to the United Nations about the growing censorship against arts and culture in Brazil [4].

    May 27 2019
     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    CONCERT IN WHICH REMARKS AGAINST POLICE BRUTALITY AND ATTACKS AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ARE MADE IS INTERRUPED BY THE MILITARY POLICE, WHO REMOVES THE AUDIENCE FROM THE CONCERT AREA

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Culture, Political positioning, Public security
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Attacks on pluralism and minorities

    Read more about the increase in of violence against indigenous people in the Bolsonaro government here [1], about the erosion of freedom here [2] [3] and about this episode – in Portuguese [find out here]

    Jul 27 2019
     
    Type of power
    Informal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    State

    TRANSEXUAL ACTIVIST AND ARTIST LINN DA QUEBRADA HAS HER CLIP RECORDING INTERRUPTED BY POLICE OFFICERS

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Gender and sexual orientation
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Attacks on pluralism and minorities
    State
    São Paulo

    Read more about this context, in Portuguese, here [find out here] and here [1], and read about the artist Linn da Quebrada [2] and what Bolsonaro’s election means to LGBTQ people [3].

    Aug 10 2019
     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    CITIZENSHIP MINISTER SUSPENDS PUBLIC PROCUREMENT FOR LGBT AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTIONS AFTER CRITICISM FROM THE PRESIDENT

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Gender and sexual orientation
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Attacks on pluralism and minorities

    Read more about this context here [1] and read more about the conflict between president Jair Bolsonaro and the LGBT community [2] and how the LGBT artists are dealing with this situation [3].

    Aug 20 2019
     
    Type of power
    Formal power
    Branch
    Executive
    Power Level
    Federal

    NATIONAL FOUNDATION OF ARTS (‘FUNARTE’) VETOES THE EXHIBITION OF A PLAY (‘RES PUBLICA 2023’) DUE TO ITS POLITICAL CONTENT

    Theme(s)
    Artistic freedom, Political positioning
    Authoritarian Inventory measures
    Construction of enemies
    State
    São Paulo

    Read more about this context, in Portuguese, here [find out here] and here [1] and read more about the conflicts between the government and the cutlural sector [2].

    Aug 24 2019
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